Summary View

Country

Turkey

City

Istanbul

Institution

Atatürk Kitaplığı

Collection

Osman Ergin

Shelfmark

667

Contents

Work 17: Maḳālāt (Ḥacı Bektāş (d. possibly 669/1270-71))

LOC subject headings

Sufi literature

Author

Ḥacı Bektāş (d. possibly 669/1270-71)

ﺣﺎﺟﻲ ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺵ

Show other names

Hacı Bektaş Veli, active 13th century (authorised)

Bektach, Hadji, active 13th century (variant)

Bektaş Veli, Hacı, active 13th century (variant)

Bektās̲h̲ Walī, Ḥād̲j̲d̲j̲ī, active 13th century (variant)

Ḥacī Bektaş-i Velī, active 13th century (variant)

Hacı Bektaş Veli, 13th cent (variant)

Hacibektaş Veli, active 13th century (variant)

Hacıbektaş Veli, d. ca. 1337 (variant)

Ḥād̲j̲d̲j̲ī Bektās̲h̲ Walī, active 13th century (variant)

Hadji Bektach, active 13th century (variant)

Ḥajjī Bektāsh Walī, of Khorāsān, active 13th century (variant)

حاجى بكتاش ولى (variant)

Biographical notes

Eponym of the Bektāşīyye; most venerated saint of Alevism and Bektashism. In Manāqib al-‘ārifīn (مناقب العارفين) by Aflākī (افلاقي), the earliest work with information on Ḥacı Bektāş,Ḥacı Bektāş appears as a disciple of Baba Resūl (Baba İlyās) (d. 638/1240) ((بابا رسول (بابا اليا ), He is represented as a dervish who does not abide by the sharī‘a. ‘Āşıḳpaşazāde (عاشق پاشا زاده, on the other hand, states that Ḥacı Bektāş came to Sivas from Khurāsān with his brother Menteş. The two of them went to Kayseri, after which they parted and Menteş returned to Sivas, where he was soon killed. Ḥacı Bektāş settled down in the small village of Ḳarahöyük and adopted a women name Ḫātūn Ana (Ḳadıncıḳ Ana) ( (خاتون انا (قادنجق انا) as his spiritual daughter. Abdāl Mūsā (fl. 14th century) (ابدال موسى), a key figure in the dissemination of Ḥacı Bektāş's teaching, was Ḫātūn Ana's disciple. Several waqf records reported by scholars demonstrate that Ḥacı Bektāş was dead before 691 AH [1291-1292 CE]. Ḥacı Bektāş's date of death appears as 669 AH [1270-1271 CE] in collection of manuscripts bound in Sivas in 691 AH [1291 CE] as well as in a late copy of Ḥacı Bektāş's hagiography. Velāyet-nāme (ولايت نامه), Ḥacı Bektāş's legendary biography or hagiography, exists in both prose and verse versions. The earliest verse version is attributed to Firdevsī (فردوسي), mentioned in biographical dictionaries as Firdevsī-i Rūmī or Uzun Firdevsī (fl. 15th century) (فردوسي رومي/اوزن فردوسي). It can be deduced that both prose and verse versions of the Velāyet-nāme were written after the development of Bektāşī lore in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries [1300-1499 CE], but before the institutionalization of the order by Balım Sulṭān (d. possibly 922/1516) (بالم سلطان). Considering the fact that the historical personages mentioned in the Velāyet-nāme also lived in the thirteenth century [1200-1299 CE], we can say that Ḥacı Bektāş might have met Ṭapduḳ Emre (fl. 13th century) (طبدق امره), Seyyid Maḥmūd-ı Ḥayrānī (d. 655/1257-58) (سيد محمود حيراني), Ṣarı Ṣaltuḳ (d. shortly after 700/1300) (صري صلطق), Aḫī Evrān (اخي اوران) (d. during the reign of Orḫān Ġāzī (اورخان غازي)) and Emīrci Sulṭān(d. 637/1240)(اميرجي سلطان). It is also possible that he sent one of his disciples to Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī (d.672/1273)(جلال الدين رومي). A key figure in the Velāyet-nāme is Aḥmed Yesevī (d. first quarter of the 13th century) (احمد يسوي) , who appears to have close tie with Ḥacı Bektāş. Contrary to the studies by certain scholars, historical data indicates that Ḥacı Bektāş was not a direct disciple of either Aḥmed Yesevī, Baba İlyās (بابا الياس), or Quṭb al-Dīn Ḥaydar (fl. 12th century) (قطب الدين حيدر).Ḥacı Bektāş was not a Yesevī or Ḥaydarī dervish. He did, however, come to Anatolia from Khurāsān or Turkestan with strong Yesevī connections and led an independent path in this land.

Author

Sa‘īd Emre (fl. second half of the thirteenth-first half of the fourteenth centuries)

ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻣﺮﻩ

Show other names

Mollā Sa‘deddīn

ﻣﻼ ﺳﻌﺪﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ

Mollā Sa‘deddīn (Sa‘īd Emre), fl. second half of the thirteenth-first half of the fourteenth centuries (authorised)

(ملا سعد الدين ( سعيد امره (variant)

Biographical notes

Sufi poet and probable translator of Ḥacı Bektāş (ﺣﺎﺟﻲ ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺵ)'s Maḳālāt (ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺖ). According to the hagiography of Ḥacı Bektāş, Sa‘īd Emre was a contemporary of Yūnus Emre (يونس امره) and Ḥacı Bektāş. A scholar from Aksaray, he served under Ḥacı Bektāş for eighteen years, during which he translated Ḥacı Bektāş's Maḳālāt (ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺖ) to Turkish. The name of Ḥacı Bektāş appears as "Ḫünkār (خنكار) " or "Ḥacı Bektāş-ı Velī (ﺣﺎﺟﻲ ﺑﻜﺘﺎﺵ ولي)" in his poems. Another name which figures in Sa‘īd Emre's poems is that of Ḥacım Sulṭān (ﺣﺎﺟم سلطان) after the death of Ḥacı Bektāş. This is also supported by the existence of a lodge in his name 100 km away from the lodge of Ḥacım Sulṭān, in the village of Sarnıç in today's Manisa (Turkey). The name of Sa‘īd Emre appears in the archives from the late fifteenth century onwards. A tombstone attributed to Sa‘īd Emre is the only part of Sa‘īd Emre's lodge to have survived to our day. A tradition in Ḥacı Bektāş's verse hagiography situates Sa‘īd Emre's grave at İç-il, which is also corroborated by the existence of a grave attributed to Sa‘īd Emre in the village of Hacısait in Mersin. However archive material suggests that it is more likely for Sa‘īd Emre to have died in the village of Sarnıç. Sa‘īd Emre's poems demonstrate that he was higly influenced by Yūnus Emre. In a copy of one of his poems the name of Ḫünkār is replaced by that of Yūnus Emre. A couplet in another poem by Sa‘īd Emre suggests that he may have been influenced by İsma’ilism.

Title

Maḳālāt

ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺖ

Notes

According to the Velāyet-nāme of Ḥacı Bektāş, Maḳālāt was translated from Arabic to Turkish by one of Ḥacı Bektāş's disciples, named Mollā Sa‘deddīn (Sa‘īd Emre) ((ملا سعد الدين ( سعيد امره ). The work is a detailed account of the doctrine of the Four Gates and Fourty Stations (dört ḳapı ḳırḳ maḳām). The only known early manuscript is Manisa İl Halk Kütüphanesi, n. 3536 , dated 827 AH [1423 CE]. None of the editions rely on this manuscript.

Main language of text

Turkish

Foliation

74v-77r

Bibliography

Editions

Hacı Bektaş Veli, . "Makâlât." In Hacı Bektaş Velî Külliyatı. Özkan, Ömer and Malik Bankır, ed. Ankara: Gazi Üniversitesi Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Merkezi, 2010, 473-767.

Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli, . Makâlât. Edited by Coşan, Esad. Ankara: Kültür Bakanlığı, 1996.

Hünkâr Hacı Bektâş-ı Velî, . Makâlât. Edited by Yılmaz, Ali, Mehmet Akkuş and Ali Öztürk. Ankara: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı, 2007.

Studies

Abdurrahman, Güzel. Hacı Bektaş Velî ve Makâlât. Ankara:: Akçağ, 2002. (The edition in this monograph is taken from the associate professorship thesis of Esat Coşan)

Algar, Hamid. "Bektāš, Ḥājī." Encyclopedia Iranica. Vol IV 1990.

Alkan, Mustafa. "Germiyan İlinde bir Sûfî: Said Emre (Zâviyesi, Mezarı, Şiirleri ve Menkıbeleri)." Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi. 38 2006: 25-47.

Alkan, Mustafa. "Said Emre." TDVİA. vol 36 2009.

Bruinessen, Martin van and Gilles Veinstein. "When Haji Bektash still bore the Name of Sultan Sahak." In Bektachiyya: Etudes sur l’ordre mystique des Bektachis et les groupes relevant de Hadji Bektach. Popovic, Alexandre, ed. Istanbul: Editions Isis, 1995.

Coşan, M. Es‘ad. Hatiboğlu Muhammed ve Eserleri. Istanbul: Server İletişim, 2008.

Coşan, M. Es‘ad. Hacı Bektâş-ı Velî ve Bektâşîlik. Istanbul: Server İletişim, 2013.

Duran, Hamiye. Velâyetnâme: Hacı Bektâş-ı Velî. Ankara: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı, 2007.

Gölpınarlı, Abdülbaki. Manakıb-ı Hacı Bektâş-ı Velî: Vilâyet-nâme. Istanbul: İnkılap Kitabevi, 1958.

Gölpınarlı, Abdülbāki. Yunus Emre ve Tasavvuf. Istanbul: Remzi Kitabevi, 1961, 204-207. (Reprint İnkılap, 2008)

Gölpınarlı, Abdülbaki. Manakıb-ı Hacı Bektâş-ı Velî: Vilâyet-nâme. Istanbul: İnkılap Kitabevi, 1958, 55-64, 124-125.

Karamustafa, Ahmet T.. "Early Sufism in Eastern Anatolia." In Early Sufism in Eastern Anatolia: from its Origins to Rumi. Lewisohn, Leonard, ed. London-New York: Nimatullahi Publications, 1993, 175-198.

Karamustafa, Ahmet T.. "Yesevîlik, Melâmetîlik, Kalenderîlik, Vefâîlik ve Anadolu Tasavvufunun Kökenleri Sorunu." In Osmanlı Toplumunda Tasavvuf ve Sufiler. Ocak, Ahmet Yaşar, ed. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 2005, 61-88.

Köprülü, M. Fuad. "Bektaş." İslam Ansiklopedisi. Vol 2. 1986.

Köprülü, M. Fuad. "Said Emre." Hayat Mecmuası. II, no. 42 1927.

Köprülü, M. Fuad. Türk Edebiyatı Tarihi. Edited by Köprülü, Orhan F. and Nermin Pekin. Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, 1981.

Mélikoff, Irène. Hadji Bektach Un mythe et ses avatars: Genèse et évolution du soufisme populaire en Turquie. Leiden: Brill, 1998.

Mélikoff, Irène. "Yunus Emre ile Hacı Bektaş." TDED. 20 1973: 27-36.

Ocak, Ahmet Yaşar. "Elvan Çelebi." TDVİA. 11 1995: 63-65.

Ocak, Ahmet Yaşar. "Elvan Çelebi." TDVİA. 11 1995: 63-65.

Ocak, Ahmet Yaşar. "Hacı Bektâş-ı Velî." TDVİA. vol 14. 1996.

Ocak, Ahmet Yaşar. La révolte de Baba Resul ou la formation de l’hétérodoxie musulmane en Anatolie au XIIIe siècle. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1989.

Tschudi, Rudolf. "Bektāshiyya." EI2 (Eng.). Vol I. 1986.

Show filiations

Ankara Milli Kütüphane 169

Süleymaniye Yazme Eser Kütüphanesi 2903

Süleymaniye Yazma Eser Kütüphanesi 798

Süleymaniye Yazma Eser Kütüphanesi 393

Hacı Bektaş İlçe Halk Kütüphanesi 176

Hacı Bektaş İlçe Halk Ktp. 216

Hacı Bektaş İlçe Halk Ktp. 89

Ankara Milli Kütüphane no. A 9419

Ankara Milli Kütüphane no. A 6732

İstanbul Arkeoloji Müzesi 891

Atatürk Kitaplığı 840

İstanbul Üniversitesi Nadir Eserleri Ktp. 867

Konya İl Halk Kütüphanesi 2674

Konya İl Halk Kütüphanesi 3006

Ankara Milli Kütüphane no. A 2663

Ankara Milli Kütüphane no. A 297

Ankara Milli Kütüphane no. A 3404

Library of the University of Bologna 3463

Albanian National Archives 290

Hacı Selim Ağa Yazma Eser Kütüphanesi 248

İstanbul Üniversitesi Nadir Eserleri Ktp. 6400

Ankara Milli Kütüphane 355

Manisa Yazma Eser Kütüphanesi 3536

Türk Dil Kurumu Kütüphanesi 312

Süleymaniye Yazma Eser Kütüphanesi 1500

British Library 7831

Süleymaniye Yazma Eser Kütüphanesi 16

Süleymaniye Yazma Eser Kütüphanesi 2856

British Library 8063

Ankara Milli Kütüphane 4225

Veliyyettin Ulusoy 1

Work 19: Poems (Ḥacı Bayram)

Author

Ḥacı Bayram

حاجي ﺑﻴﺮﺍﻡ

Show other names

Eş-Şeyḫ el-Ḥāc Bayram b. Aḥmed b. Maḥmūd el-Anḳaravī

الشيخ الحاج بيرام بن احمد بن محمود الانقاراوي

Hacı Bayram Veli, -1429 (authorised)

Bayram Veli, Hacı, -1429 (variant)

Hacı Bayram-ı Velî, -1429 (variant)

Hacı Bayram Veli, d. 1429 (variant)

Biographical notes

Ḥacı Bayram was born in Ankara in the first half of the 14th century [1300-1399 CE]. His name appears as Eş-Şeyḫ el-Ḥāc Bayram b. Aḥmed b. Maḥmūd el-Anḳaravī (الشيخ الحاج بيرم بن احمد بن محمود الانقاراوي) in two vaḳfiyye (وقفية) of the period, dated 831 AH [1428 CE] and 832 AH [1428-1429 CE]. The title of "ḳutbu’l-evliyā (قتب الاوليا)" given to him in these documents suggests that he was highly popular during his lifetime. According to ‘Abdurraḥmān el-‘Askerī (عبدالرحمان العسكري)'s Mir’ātu’l-ışḳ (مرءات العشق), Ḥacı Bayram lived for over ninety years. As stated in sources such as Lāmi‘ī Çelebi (لامعي چلبي), Ṭaşḳöprüzāde (طاشقوپرولی زاده) and Mecdī (مجدي), Ḥacı Bayram was born near the river Çubuḳ Suyu in Ankara, in a village named Solfasol (Ẕü’l-fażl). While working as a müderris (مدرس) in Ankara, he became a disciple to Ṣomuncu Baba (d. 815/1412) (صومنجي بابا), after the latter asked Sulṭān Şücā‘ (سلطان شوجاع) to go to Ankara and invite him. Mir’ātu’l-ışḳ (مرءات العشق), on the other hand, relates that Ḥacı Bayram was never a müderris. According to this work, Ḥacı Bayram became a disciple of Ṣomuncu Baba in 805 AH [1403 CE]. Upon his return to Ankara from Aksaray, Ḥacı Bayram did not build a lodge and did not found a waqf, but instead engaged in farming, as was recommended to him by Ṣomuncu Baba . Due to complaints against him, Ḥacı Bayram was called to Edirne in the first years of the reign of Murad II. The fact that Bayramī (بيرامي) dervishes became exempt from taxation in the following years shows that the order kept good relations with the state. Ḥacı Bayram died in 833 AH [1429-1430 CE] in Ankara and was buried next to the mosque built in his name a few years earlier. We know from İnce Bedreddīn (اينجه بدرالدين)'s foreword to his translation of Fakhr al-dīn ‘Irāqī (فخرالدين عراقي)'s Lama‘āt (لمعات) that Ḥacı Bayram frequently referred to this text in his talks and encouraged İnce Bedreddīn (اينجه بدرالدين) to translate it. Ḥacı Bayram did not designate a successor, which lead to the bipartition of the Bayramiyye (بيرامية) into two distinct paths: That of his disciple Aḳşemseddīn (d.863/1458-59) (اق شمس الدين), resulting in the Sunni order Şemsiyye(شمسية), and that of his disciple Emīr Sikkīnī (d. 880/1475) (امير سكيني), leading to the Sufi movement of the Bayramī-Melāmī (بيرامي-ملامي).

Title

Poems

Notes

Other than four poems, of which a comparative edition was published by Hasibe Mazıoğlu, Ḥacı Bayram has no extant works. Some other poems and two letters have been wrongly attributed to him. Mazıoğlu's edition relies on printed sources and undated or late manuscripts. In the same article, Mazıoğlu documents the influence of Yūnus Emre (يونس امره) on the given poems. Several commentaries were written on the poem which begins with "Çalabum bir şār yaratmış iki cihān arasında". The most famous and voluminous of these belongs to İsmā‘īl Ḥaḳḳı Būrsevī (d. 1137/1725) (اسماعيل حقي بورسوي).

Main language of text

Turkish

Bibliography

Studies

Ateş, İbrahim. "Hacı Bayram-ı Velî Vakfı ile İlgili Üç Yeni Belge." In I. Hacı Bayram-ı Velî Sempozyumu Bildirileri: 8-9 Mart 1990. Ankara: Ankara Valiliği İl Kültür Müdürlüğü Yayınları, 1991, 20-31.

Azamat, Nihat. "Hacı Bayrâm-ı Velî." TDVİA. 16 1996.

Bayramoğlu, Fuat. Hacı Bayram-ı Velî. Yaşamı-Soyu-Vakfı, I-II. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1983.

Bayramoğlu, Fuat. "Hacı Bayram-ı Veli Hakkında Yeni Bilgiler Bulunan İki El Yazması Eser." In I. Hacı Bayram-ı Velî Sempozyumu Bildirileri: 8-9 Mart 1990. Ankara: Ankara Valiliği İl Kültür Müdürlüğü Yayınları, 1991, 37-54.

Başkan, Seyfi. Ankara Hacı Bayram-ı Veli Camii ve Türbesi. Ankara: Kültür Bakanlığı, 1998.

Bursalı Mehmed Tahir, . Hacı Bayrâm-ı Velî. Istanbul: Necm-i İstikbal Matbaası, 1329 (1911). (Transliterated edition: Bursalı Mehmed Tahir Efendi. Hacı Bayram-ı Veli. Edited by Metin Çelik. Istanbul: Özgü Yayınları, 2012)

Cebecioğlu, Ethem. Hacı Bayram Veli. Ankara: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı, 1994.

Gölpınarlı, Abdülbaki. Melâmîlik ve Melâmîler. Istanbul: Milenyum Yayınları, 2013. (First edition: Istanbul: Devlet Matbaası, 1931)

Mazıoğlu, Hasibe. "Hacı Bayram-ı Velî’nin Şiirleri ve Mektupları." In I. Hacı Bayram-ı Velî Sempozyumu Bildirileri: 8-9 Mart 1990. Ankara: Ankara Valiliği İl Kültür Müdürlüğü Yayınları, 1991, 102-112.

Mehmed Ali Ayni, . Hacı Bayrâm-ı Velî. Istanbul: Evkâf-ı İslâmiye Matbaası, 1343 (1924).

Show filiations

Ankara Milli Kütüphane 169

Süleymaniye Yazme Eser Kütüphanesi 2903

Süleymaniye Yazma Eser Kütüphanesi 798

Süleymaniye Yazma Eser Kütüphanesi 393

Hacı Bektaş İlçe Halk Kütüphanesi 176

Hacı Bektaş İlçe Halk Ktp. 216

Hacı Bektaş İlçe Halk Ktp. 89

Ankara Milli Kütüphane no. A 9419

Ankara Milli Kütüphane no. A 6732

İstanbul Arkeoloji Müzesi 891

Atatürk Kitaplığı 840

İstanbul Üniversitesi Nadir Eserleri Ktp. 867

Konya İl Halk Kütüphanesi 2674

Konya İl Halk Kütüphanesi 3006

Ankara Milli Kütüphane no. A 2663

Ankara Milli Kütüphane no. A 297

Ankara Milli Kütüphane no. A 3404

Library of the University of Bologna 3463

Albanian National Archives 290

Hacı Selim Ağa Yazma Eser Kütüphanesi 248

İstanbul Üniversitesi Nadir Eserleri Ktp. 6400

Ankara Milli Kütüphane 355

Manisa Yazma Eser Kütüphanesi 3536

Türk Dil Kurumu Kütüphanesi 312

Süleymaniye Yazma Eser Kütüphanesi 1500

British Library 7831

Süleymaniye Yazma Eser Kütüphanesi 16

Süleymaniye Yazma Eser Kütüphanesi 2856

British Library 8063

Ankara Milli Kütüphane 4225

Veliyyettin Ulusoy 1

Physical Description

Number of folios

190 ff.

Ruled lines

14

Hand

Copyist: Ḥāfıẓ Meḥmed

History

Date of copy

19th. century