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Country

Germany

City

Berlin

Institution

Berlin Staatsbibliothek

Collection

Turkish Manuscripts Ms_or_oct

Shelfmark

2575

Contents

Work 1: Dīvān (Yūnus Emre (d. 1320))

LOC subject headings

Sufism

Turkish poetry

Author

Yūnus Emre (d. 1320)

يونس امره

Show other names

Yunus Emre, -1320? (authorised)

Эмре, Юунус, -1320? (variant)

Юунус Эмре, -1320? (variant)

امره, يونس, -1320? (variant)

يونس أمره, -1320? (variant)

Ėmra, I︠U︡nus, -1320? (variant)

Ėmre, I︠U︡nus, -1320? (variant)

Ėmre, I︠U︡unus, -1320? (variant)

Emre, Jonuz, -1320? (variant)

Emre, Yunus, -1320? (variant)

Imră, I̐unus, -1320? (variant)

I︠U︡nus Ėmra, -1320? (variant)

I︠U︡nus Ėmre, -1320? (variant)

I̐unus Imră, -1320? (variant)

I︠U︡unus Ėmre, -1320? (variant)

Jonuz Emre, -1320? (variant)

Younous Emré, -1320? (variant)

Yunus Emre, d. 1320? (variant)

Biographical notes

Turkish mystic poet of the second half of the 13th century [1200-1299 CE] and the first quarter of the 14th century [1300-1399 CE] , who was extremely influential in the dissemination of Sufi teachings in Anatolia and the formation of tekke poetry, in addition to his leading role in the use of ‘arūḍ meter in Old Anatolian Turkish. Information on Yūnus's life is scarce and relies heavily on the references in his poems as well as legendary tales. His dates of birth and death have been subject to various debates, which were largely concluded by a record published by Adnan Erzi ( (Erzi_1950, pp. 85-89). Taken from a mecmū‘a at Beyazıt Library (Beyazıt Library 7912, , 38v). This record indicates that Yūnus lived for 82 years and died in 720 AH [1320-1321 CE] This puts his date of birth in the year of 638 AH [1240-1241 CE]. According to the general opinion, Yūnus was born in an area nearby the Sakarya river and lived in the Ṭapduḳ Emre convent located at Emrem Sultan near Nallıhan. He donated his land in Sarıköy to the convent. In some of his poems Yūnus Emre mentions that he lived to an old age. Certain of his poems indicate that Yūnus had children. In a document dated 924 AH [1518 CE] in Konya Registers No. 871 of the Ottoman Archives, reference is made to Yūnus's son İsmā‘īl and to the fact that Yūnus Emre bought a land named Ammā Yerce from Karamanoğlu İbrahim Bey. Tough his references to being ümmī in his poems led popular legend to consider him as illiterate, it is now well accepted that Yūnus was fairly educated. Gölpınarlı ( (Golpinarli_1961, pp. 100-101)) draws close parallels between some of his poems and those of Saʻdī and Mevlānā Celāleddīn Rūmī, concluding that Yūnus knew enough Persian to do translations. The precise nature of his education is not known. References in his poems indicate that Yūnus was a disciple of Ṭapduḳ Emre , who was in turn the disciple of Ṣarı Ṣaltuḳ. In addition to these two masters, Yūnus mentions Mevlānā Celāleddīn Rūmī in his poems, for whom he has great veneration. He is critical of the dervish Geyikli Baba (14th cent.). The lack of references to Ḥacı Bekṭāş Velī indicate that, contrary to the passages in Bektashi sources, Yūnus Emre was not directly related to Ḥacı Bekṭāş. We know from his poem that Yūnus Emre travelled extensively. The places mentioned in his poems include Kayseri, Sivas, Maraş, “upper lands” (Azerbaijan), Damascus, Shiraz, Baghdad, Tabriz and Nakhchivan. References in his poems suggest that he did not go on pilgrimage. There are graves attributed to Yūnus in various places in Anatolia as well as in Azerbaijan. Scholars agree on the authenticity of the grave in Sarıköy, near Sivrihisar. This grave was moved in 1946 [1946 CE] in the building of the railway between Ankara and Eskişehir and was subsequently transferred to its own newly built musoleum in 1970 [1970 CE]. Faruk K. Timurtaş was the first scholar to indicate that Yūnus Emre and ‘Āşıḳ Yūnus were two separate poets. ( (Timurtaş, Faruk, ed. Yunus Emre Dîvânı. Ankara: Başbakanlık Basımevi, 1986., pp. 19)). The poet ‘Āşıḳ Yūnus lived in Bursa and died in the beginning of the 15th century [1400-1499 CE]. The fact that Yūnus Emre used adjectives such as “ ‘āşıḳ, miskīn, dervīş” to refer to himself resulted in the mixing of the poems attributed to the two poets. This is visible in a majority of the manuscripts.

Title

Dīvān

ديوان

Notes

According to a mecmū‘a published by Şinasi Tekin, the dīvān was composed in 707 AH [1307 CE]. The Gölpınarlı edition consists of 100 poems, whereas Tatci edition includes a total of 417. The difference results from varying approaches to the difficulty which lies in the differentiation between the poems of Yūnus Emre, ‘Āşıḳ Yūnus and other poets who wrote with the same pen-name and imitated the style of Yūnus. No studies have been conducted on the mecmū‘a which partially include his poems. The most common themes in the poetry of Yūnus are mystic love and the oneness of being. His poems are characterized by his lyrical and simple use of Old Anatolian Turkish.

Main language of text

Turkish

Foliation

1a-89b ff.

Bibliography

Editions

Gölpınarlı, Abdülbâkî, ed. Yunus Emre Divanı. Istanbul: A. Halit Kitabevi, 1943-1948.

Gölpınarlı, Abdülbâkî, ed. Yunus Emre Divanı. Istanbul: A. Halit Kitabevi, 1943-1948.

Köprülü, Mehmet Fuat, ed. Yunus Emre. Istanbul: YKY, 2007. (Dictionary beneath each poem)

Tatçı, Mustafa. Yûnus Emre Külliyâtı. H Yayınları, 2008.

Tatçı, Mustafa, ed. Yûnus Emre. Dîvân-ı İlâhiyât. Istanbul: Kapı Yayınları, 2011.

Show filiations

Atatürk Kitaplığı 1300

Sadberk Hanım Müzesi Kütüphanesi 339

Nuruosmaniye Yazma Eser KÜtüphanesi 4904

Süleymaniye Yazma Eserler Kütüphanesi 3889

Süleymaniye Yazma Eserler Kütüphanesi 146

Süleymaniye Yazma Eserler Kütüphanesi 3480

Süleymaniye Yazma Eserler Kütüphanesi 688

Edirne Selimiye Yazma Eser Kütüphanesi 4162

Edirne Selimiye Yazma Eser Kütüphanesi 4170

Çorum Hasan Paşa İl Halk Kütüphanesi 2157

Diyarbakır İl Halk Kütüphanesi 539

Çorum Hasan Paşa İl Halk Kütüphanesi 847

İstanbul Üniversitesi Nadir Eserler Kütüphanesi 2927

İstanbul Üniversitesi Nadir Eserler Kütüphanesi 5776

Fatih Millet Kütüphanesi 521

Konya Mevlana Müzesi 2423

Ankara Milli Kütüphane 3092

Ankara Milli Kütüphane no. A 6802

Süleymaniye Yazma Eserler Kütüphanesi 7

Süleymaniye Yazma Eserler Kütüphanesi 2292

Süleymaniye Yazma Eserler Kütüphanesi 868

Süleymaniye Yazma Eserler Kütüphanesi 1295

Süleymaniye Yazma Eserler Kütüphanesi 7602

Süleymaniye Yazma Eserler Kütüphanesi 3794

Türk Dil Kurumu Kütüphanesi 73

Yapı Kredi Sermet Çifter Kütüphanesi 166

Hacı Bektaş İlçe Halk Ktp. n. 196

Bursa İnebey Yazma Eser Ktp. n. 882

Vatican Library 226

Süleymaniye Yazma Eserler Kütüphanesi 5858

Süleymaniye Yazma Eserler Kütüphanesi 2709

Süleymaniye Yazma Eserler Kütüphanesi 4721

National Library 190

Berlin Staatsbibliothek 2869

Work 2: Poetry (Sa‘īd Emre (Mollā Sa‘deddīn) (fl. second half of the thirteenth-first half of the fourteenth centuries))

LOC subject headings

Sufi poetry, Turkish

Author

Sa‘īd Emre (Mollā Sa‘deddīn) (fl. second half of the thirteenth-first half of the fourteenth centuries)

(ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻣﺮﻩ (ﻣﻼ ﺳﻌﺪﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ

Show other names

Sa‘īd Emre (Mollā Sa‘deddīn) (fl. second half of the thirteenth-first half of the fourteenth centuries) (authorised)

(ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺍﻣﺮﻩ (ﻣﻼ ﺳﻌﺪﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ (variant)

Biographical notes

Sufi poet and probable translator of Ḥacı Bektāş’s Maḳālāt. According to the hagiography of Ḥacı Bektāş, Sa‘īd Emre was a contemporary of Yūnus Emre and Ḥacı Bektāş. A scholar from Aksaray, he served under Ḥacı Bektāş for eighteen years, during which he translated Ḥacı Bektāş's Maḳālāt into Turkish. The name of Ḥacı Bektāş appears as “Ḫünkār” or “Ḥacı Bektāş-ı Velī” in his poems. Another name which figures in Sa‘īd Emre’s poems is that of Ḥacım Sulṭān, thus suggesting that Sa‘īd Emre may have become a disciple to Ḥacım Sulṭān after the death of Ḥacı Bektāş. This is also supported by the existence of a lodge in his name 100 km away from the lodge of Ḥacım Sulṭān, in the village of Sarnıç in today’s Manisa. The name of Sa‘īd Emre appears in the archives from the late fifteenth century onwards. A tombstone attributed to Sa‘īd Emre is the only part of Sa‘īd Emre’s lodge to have survived to our day. A tradition in Ḥacı Bektāş verse hagiography situates Sa‘īd Emre’s grave at İç-il, which is also corroborated by the existence of a grave attributed to Sa‘īd Emre in the village of Hacısait in Mersin. However archive material suggests that it is more likely for Sa‘īd Emre to have died in the village of Sarnıç. Sa‘īd Emre’s poems demonstrate that he was highly influenced by Yūnus Emre. In a copy of one of his poems, the name of Ḫünkār is replaced by that of Yūnus Emre. A couplet in another poem by Sa‘īd Emre suggests that he may have been influenced by İsma’ilism.

Title

Poetry

Notes

A number of poems by Sa‘īd Emre appear in the hagiography of Ḥacı Bektāş, the Turkish prose Maḳālāt, a privately owned Dīvān of Yūnus Emre, and a privately owned mecmū‘a. The poems add up to a total of nineteen and have been published by Abdülbaki Gölpınarlı. The hagiography of Ḥacı Bektāş states that Sa‘īd Emre also had a Dīvān.

Main language of text

Turkish

Foliation

89b-105a ff.

Bibliography

Editions

Alkan, Mustafa. "Germiyan İlinde bir Sûfî: Said Emre (Zâviyesi, Mezarı, Şiirleri ve Menkıbeleri)." Türk Kültürü ve Hacı Bektaş Veli Araştırma Dergisi. 38 2006: 25-47.

Gölpınarlı, Abdülbāki. Yunus Emre ve Tasavvuf. Istanbul: Remzi Kitabevi, 1961, 280-294. (Reprint İnkılap, 2008)

Studies

Alkan, Mustafa. "Said Emre." TDVİA. vol 36 2009.

Ergin, Osman. "Yunus’un Asıl Adı." Milli Mecmua. , no. 129 1931.

Gölpınarlı, Abdülbaki. Manakıb-ı Hacı Bektâş-ı Velî: Vilâyet-nâme. Istanbul: İnkılap Kitabevi, 1958.

Gölpınarlı, Abdülbāki. Yunus Emre ve Tasavvuf. Istanbul: Remzi Kitabevi, 1961, 204-207. (Reprint İnkılap, 2008)

Hacı Bektaş-ı Veli, . Makâlât. Edited by Coşan, Esad. Ankara: Kültür Bakanlığı, 1996.

Köprülü, M. Fuad. "Said Emre." Hayat Mecmuası. II, no. 42 1927.

Köprülü, M. Fuad. Türk Edebiyatı Tarihi. Edited by Köprülü, Orhan F. and Nermin Pekin. Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, 1981.

Show filiations

Atatürk Kitaplığı 1300

Sadberk Hanım Müzesi Kütüphanesi 339

Nuruosmaniye Yazma Eser KÜtüphanesi 4904

Süleymaniye Yazma Eserler Kütüphanesi 3889

Süleymaniye Yazma Eserler Kütüphanesi 146

Süleymaniye Yazma Eserler Kütüphanesi 3480

Süleymaniye Yazma Eserler Kütüphanesi 688

Edirne Selimiye Yazma Eser Kütüphanesi 4162

Edirne Selimiye Yazma Eser Kütüphanesi 4170

Çorum Hasan Paşa İl Halk Kütüphanesi 2157

Diyarbakır İl Halk Kütüphanesi 539

Çorum Hasan Paşa İl Halk Kütüphanesi 847

İstanbul Üniversitesi Nadir Eserler Kütüphanesi 2927

İstanbul Üniversitesi Nadir Eserler Kütüphanesi 5776

Fatih Millet Kütüphanesi 521

Konya Mevlana Müzesi 2423

Ankara Milli Kütüphane 3092

Ankara Milli Kütüphane no. A 6802

Süleymaniye Yazma Eserler Kütüphanesi 7

Süleymaniye Yazma Eserler Kütüphanesi 2292

Süleymaniye Yazma Eserler Kütüphanesi 868

Süleymaniye Yazma Eserler Kütüphanesi 1295

Süleymaniye Yazma Eserler Kütüphanesi 7602

Süleymaniye Yazma Eserler Kütüphanesi 3794

Türk Dil Kurumu Kütüphanesi 73

Yapı Kredi Sermet Çifter Kütüphanesi 166

Hacı Bektaş İlçe Halk Ktp. n. 196

Bursa İnebey Yazma Eser Ktp. n. 882

Vatican Library 226

Süleymaniye Yazma Eserler Kütüphanesi 5858

Süleymaniye Yazma Eserler Kütüphanesi 2709

Süleymaniye Yazma Eserler Kütüphanesi 4721

National Library 190

Berlin Staatsbibliothek 2869

History

Date of copy

15th century