Summary View

Country

Turkey

City

Ankara

Institution

Ankara Milli Kütüphane

Collection

Milli Kütüphane Yazmalar Koleksiyonu

Shelfmark

no. A 1184

Contents

Dīvān (Kemâl Ümmî, -1475)

LOC subject headings

Sufism

Turkish poetry

Author

Kemâl Ümmî, -1475

Ümmī Kemāl

كمال امى

Show other names

Kemāl Ümmī

Kemâl Ümmî, -1475 (authorised)

Ümmî, Kemâl, -1475 (variant)

Biographical notes

Turkish mystic poet and Ḫalvetī shaykh, who is the only Anatolian Safavid poet with an extant dīvān prior to the politicization and Shî’itization of the order. His real name is İsmā‘il, سماعیل His pen figures as" Kemāl Ümmī" in all historical sources but is used as both " Kemāl Ümmī" and " Ümmī Kemāl" in his Dīvān (دیوان), tough the first form hagiography. Biographical sources state that Kemāl Ümmī was born and raised in Karaman (Turkey), in the town of Lārende. The Sālnāme of Bolu (Turkey), however, mentions that he was from Bukhara (Uzbekistan). The place of origin of Khurāsān (Iran) which appears in his hagiography composed by a certain Dervīş ‘Aḥmed can be a generic place name indicating his dervish circle and temperament. According to his hagiography, the poet lived in Bolu (Turkey) for a long time and established a lodge in a rural area in the vicinity of the city. He had three sons. His son Sinān was a sober, educated man who criticized his father for being "ümmī". His son Cemāl was an ecstatic who was unjustly executed by the sultan of the period. Oral tradition in Bolu (Turkey) also states that he had a sister named Şehribān, together with whom he had moved from Khurāsān (Iran) to the village of Çal in the area of Dörtdīvān, Bolu. According to information in the Bolu Şer‘iyye Sicilleri, Kemāl Ümmī was married, had children and his lineage continued in Tekke Köyü, Dörtdīvān, Bolu and more recently in Gerede, Bolu. In a fermān sūreti dated1117 AH [1705 CE] , written to the qāḍīs of Bolu (Turkey) and Dörtdīvān, Bolu, it is mentioned that some previleges had been granted to his descendants since the time of Sulṭān Süleymān. Kemāl Ümmī's choice of pen name indicates that he did not have an official education. His Dīvān (دیوان) includes a mers̱iye for his master Şeyḫ Ḥamīdüddīn Aḳsarāyī or with his better known name Somuncu Baba (d. 1412), who was also the master of Ḥacı Bayrām Velī (d.1430). It also includes a mers̱iye and a medḥiye for Şeyḫ ‘Alī Erdebīlī (d. 1429), the grandson of Ṣafiyyü’d-dīn Erdebīlī (d.1334). The connection between Kemāl Ümmī and Şeyḫ ‘Alī Erdebīlī (d. 1429) is thus established through his master Ḥamīdüddīn Aḳsarāyī , who visited Şeyḫ ‘Alī Erdebīlī (d. 1429) and stayed with him for some time. Parts of Kemāl Ümmī's Dīvān suggests that he may also have done the same. We learn from Kemāl Ümmī's mers̱iye that he became the disciple of Muẓafferü’d-dīn Lārendī, one of his master's ḫalīfes, after the death of his master. Among the people in Kemāl Ümmī's circle were Ḥacı Bayrām Velī (d.1430), presented by his hagiography as his close friend, and his two disciples Aḳçavaḳlı Ṣarı Müderris and Yaġlucalı ‘Alī Kevkeb Ḳutbu’d-dīn. According to his hagiography, the followers of Kemāl Ümmī were called “Kemāllü”. He did not consider himself a master and did not leave any successors. His hagiography presents him as the inventor of ẕikr from the throat, also called ḳoyun ẕikri or bıçḳı ẕikri. Reference is also made to Kemāl Ümmī in Vilāyetnāme-i Sulṭān Şücā‘ü’d-dīn (ولایتنامۀ سلطان شوجاع الدین) , where along with Seyyid Nesīmī and Ḳayġusuz Abdāl he travels to Seyitġāzī to see Sulṭān Şücā‘. His disrespect towards Sulṭān Şücā‘'s leads to Sulṭān Şücā‘'s prophecy that he will be hanged. This account is taken up by some of the biographical sources where it is stated that he was executed. Kemāl Ümmī's date of death appears as 880 AH [1475 CE] in Ottoman sources. His grave is situated in the village named Işıklar (with the old name of Tekke in the area of Sazak 39 km. southeast of Bolu (Turkey). He also has various maḳām in places such as Karaman (Turkey), Manisa (Turkey), Niğde (Turkey).

Title

Dīvān

ديوان

Notes

Critical edition of the work by Hayati Yavuzer ( (Yavuzer, Hayati. Kemâl Ümmî Dîvânı (İnceleme-Metin). Bolu: Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Bolu Halk Kültürünü Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi, 2008.)) includes 144 poems. Some scholars assert that the dīvān puts forth an extensive influence of ẕikr, which serves as the formal foundation for many poems.

There is a private manuscipt of the work in (Hacı Bektaş Kütüphanesi, 196). Copied in the year of 890 AH [1492-1493 CE] in Gelibolu (Turkey) by Muḥammed b. Bostānī. See: (Tatçı, Mustafa. Yûnus Emre Külliyâtı. H Yayınları, 2008., pp. Vol II, 5-6). [poems in a mecmū‘a]

Main language of text

Turkish

Bibliography

Editions

Balbaba, Sefa. "Kemal Ümmî Divanı: Tenkitli Metin-İndeks." Master's Thesis, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, 2009.

Sarıçiçek, Ramazan. "Kemâl Ümmî: Hayatı, Sanatı ve Dîvânı, İnceleme-Metin." Dissertation, Malatya: İnönü Üniversitesi, 1998.

Yavuzer, Hayati. Kemâl Ümmî Dîvânı (İnceleme-Metin). Bolu: Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Bolu Halk Kültürünü Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezi, 2008.

Studies

Aktan, Bilal. "Kemal Ümmî Dîvânî’nın Makâlât adlı yazması ve dil özellikleri." Selçuk Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi. 20 2006: 99-111.

Hickman, William. "On Manuscripts of the Dīvān of Ümmī Kemāl." Journal of Turkish Studies: Türklük Bilgisi Araştırmaları. 3 1979: 197-207.

Hickman, William. "Ümmi Kemāl in Anatolian Tradition." Turcica. , no. 24 1982: 155-167.

Hickman, William. "Who was Ümmi Kemal?" Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Dergisi. , no. 4-5 1976-1977: 57-82.

Hickman, William. "On Editing Ottoman Turkish Tekke Poetry." The Journal of the American Oriental Society. forthcoming.

Yanpınar, Ahmet. "Kemal Ümmi Divanı’nda Münâcât ve Tevhidlerdeki Ayetlerin Tespiti." Istanbul: Marmara Üniversitesi, 1993.

Ünver, İsmail. "Kemâl Ümmî Dîvânı ve Türkçe Sözler Dizini." Bachelor's Thesis, 1968: Ankara Üniversitesi Dil Tarih Coğrafya Fakültesi, , [n.d.].

Ünver, İsmail. "Kemâl Ümmî." TDVİA. 25 2002.

Ünver, İsmail. "Kemâl-i Ümmî." Bolu: Bolu Kalkınma ve Tanıtma Vakfı Yayınları, 1987: 21-28.

Show filiations

Ankara Milli Kütüphane no. A 1182

Ankara Milli Kütüphane no. A 1229

Ankara Milli Kütüphane no. B 167

Ankara Milli Kütüphane 587

Ankara Milli Kütüphane no. A 8553

İzzet Koyunoğlu Kütüphanesi 14003

Konya Mevlana Müzesi 7064

Konya Mevlana Müzesi 4981

Zeytinoğlu İlçe Halk Kütüphanesi 1089

İstanbul Üniversitesi 584

Ankara Üniversitesi Dil Tarih Coğrafya Fakültesi 10

Diyarbakır İl Halk Kütüphanesi 1543

Ankara Milli Kütüphane no. A 3753

Ankara Milli Kütüphane no. A 3886

Ankara Milli Kütüphane no. A 4356

Ankara Milli Kütüphane no. A 764

Ankara Milli Kütüphane no. FB 326

Atatürk Kitaplığı 485

Atatürk Kitaplığı 296

Atatürk Kitaplığı 296

Vatican Library 206

Galimcan İbrahimov Dil, Edebiyat ve Tarih Araştırmaları Enstitüsü 1 338

Galimcan İbrahimov Dil, Edebiyat ve Tarih Araştırmaları Enstitüsü 723

Bayezit Devlet Kütüphanesi 3357

Bayezit Devlet Kütüphanesi 5308

Ankara Üniversitesi Dil Tarih Coğrafya Fakültesi 122

Ankara Üniversitesi Dil Tarih Coğrafya Fakültesi 717

Fatih Millet Kütüphanesi 41

Fatih Millet Kütüphanesi 42

Kütahya Vahid Paşa İl Halk Kütüphanesi 628

Köprülü Kütüphanesi 1585

Ankara Milli Kütüphane 423

Ankara Milli Kütüphane A 1887

Ankara Milli Kütüphane A 3674

Ankara Milli Kütüphane A 5161

Süleymaniye Yazma Eserler Kütüphanesi 416

Ankara Milli Kütüphane 218

Süleymaniye Yazma Eserler Kütüphanesi 3343

Bodleian Library d 51

Süleymaniye Yazma Eserler Kütüphanesi 2635

Physical Description

Number of folios

66 ff.

Dimensions of folio

width 15.6cm, height 21.2cm

Dimensions of written area

width 12.2cm, height 17cm

Columns

1

Ruled lines

15

History

Date of copy

20th. century