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Chirāgh al-Futūḥ (Bedreddin, Şeyh, 1358?-1420)

Author

Bedreddin, Şeyh, 1358?-1420

شيخ بدر الدين

Show other names

Simavna Kadısı-oğlu Maḥmūd b. İsrāʾīl (d. after 819/1416)

Şeyh Bedreddīn Simāvī

Simavna Kadısıoğlu Şeyh Bedreddin Maḥmūd b. Isrāʾīl

Badr al-Dīn Maḥmūd ibn Qaḍī Simāwna

سماونة قضيسي اوغلى محمود بن اسرائيل

شيخ بدر الدين سماوي

شیخ بدر الدین محمود بن قاضي سماونة

Bedreddin, Şeyh, 1358?-1420 (authorised)

Abd-i Zâif Mahmud bin Israil, 1358?-1420 (variant)

Badr ad-Dīn ibn Qāḍī Samāwnā, 1358?-1420 (variant)

Badr al-Dīn Muḥammad, 1358?-1420 (variant)

Badr al-Dīn Samāvī, Maḥmūd ibn Isrāʼīl, 1358?-1420 (variant)

Badr al-Dīn Sīmāvī, 1358?-1420 (variant)

Badraldin Mahmoud Bin Israel Bin Abdülaziz, Sheikh, 1358?-1420 (variant)

Badraldin, Sheikh, 1358?-1420 (variant)

Bedreddin Mahmud, Sımavnalı, 1358?-1420 (variant)

Bedreddin Simâvî, Şeyh, 1358?-1420 (variant)

Bedreddin Simavî, Şeyh, 1363?-1420 (variant)

Bedredin Eretika, Sheĭkh, 1358?-1420 (variant)

Bedredin Makhmud bin Israil, Sheĭkh, 1358?-1420 (variant)

Bedrettin, Şeyh, 1358?-1420 (variant)

Bedrüddin Mahmud, Şeyh, 1358?-1420 (variant)

İbn Ḳāzī Sīmavna, 1358?-1420 (variant)

Shaikh Badruddin, 1358?-1420 (variant)

Sheikh Badraldin, 1358?-1420 (variant)

Simaveni, Bedredin, Sheĭkh, 1358?-1420 (variant)

Sımavna Kadısıoğlu Şeyh Bedreddin, 1358?-1420 (variant)

Simavnalı Bedreddin, 1358?-1420 (variant)

Simāwnā, Badr al-Dīn, 1358?-1420 (variant)

Simawna, Badruddin, 1358?-1420 (variant)

Simāwnah, Badr al-Dīn Maḥmūd ibn Qāḍī, 1358?-1420 (variant)

بدر الدين،, شيخ (variant)

Şeyh Bedreddin, 1358?-1420 (variant)

شيخ بدر الدين (variant)

Badr al-Dīn Maḥmūd ibn Isrāʼīl, 1358?-1420 (variant)

بدر الدين محمود بن اسرائيل،, 1358?-1420 (variant)

Sīmāwī, Badr al-Dīn Maḥmūd ibn al-Qāḍī Isrāʼīl, 1358?-1420 (variant)

سيماوي، بدر الدين محمود بن القاضي اسرائيل،, 1358?-1420 (variant)

Sīmāwī, Maḥmūd ibn al-Qāḍī Isrāʼīl, 1358?-1420 (variant)

سيماوي، محمود بن القاضي اسرائيل،, 1358?-1420 (variant)

Rūmī, Badr al-Dīn Maḥmūd ibn al-Qāḍī Isrāʼīl, 1358?-1420 (variant)

رومي، بدر الدين محمود بن القاضي اسرائيل،, 1358?-1420 (variant)

Rūmī, Maḥmūd ibn al-Qāḍī Isrāʼīl, 1358?-1420 (variant)

رومي، محمود بن القاضي اسرائيل،, 1358?-1420 (variant)

Shaykh Badr al-Dīn, 1358?-1420 (variant)

Biographical notes

The son of a qadi born in the town of Simavna outside of Edirne sometime in the middle of 14th century [1300-1399 CE], Simavna Kadısı-oğlu Maḥmūd b. İsrāʾīl (usually known as Şeyh Bedreddīn) is portrayed in the menākıb-nāme (hagiography) composed by his grandson, Ḫalīl b. İsmāʿīl, as a descendant of the Seljuk sultan ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn Kayqubād I, a claim which in all likelihood is fictional. After studying in Bursa and Konya, Bedreddīn travelled to Syria and Egypt in the 1380s [1380 CE] where he became a favorite student of Mubarakshāh al-Manṭiqī (d. 816/1413) and classmate of Sayyid Jūrjānī. He became a disciple of the Sufi shaykh Ḥusayn al-Akhlatī who sent him to Tabriz where Timur had set up his court and held sessions with the most learned scholars of the day; he then traveled in Iran, furthering his knowledge of the esoteric. When he returned to Egypt he took up the post as tutor to the Mamluk Sultan Barquq’s son, Faraj. He became Akhlatī’s spiritual successor upon his death in Cairo in 1397 [1397 CE]. In around 1405 [1405 CE] he travelled to ru, spreading his esoteric doctrines and gaining disciples such as the Karamanid ruler and the Aydınid beg Cüneyd. After returning to Edirne, he was appointed qāḍīʿasker (chief military judge) to the Ottoman prince, Musa Çelebi, who in 1411 [1411 CE] declared his sovereignty during the last phase of the Ottoman civil war. When Musa Çelebi was defeated by his brother Mehmed I in 816 AH [1413 CE], Bedreddīn was exiled to İznik. After escaping detention in İznik in 819 AH [1416 CE], he led an unsuccessful uprising in Rumelia against Mehmed I and was executed by the Ottomans.

Title

Chirāgh al-Futūḥ

جراغ الفتوح

Notes

Mentioned in (Bursalı Mehmed Tahir, . Osmanlı Müellifleri. Istanbul: 1311 (1894)., pp. 64). No known manuscripts, and not mentioned in earlier sources.

Main language of text

Turkish

Bibliography

Studies

Balivet, Michel. Islam mystique et revolution armee dans les Balkans Ottomans: Vie du Cheikh Bedreddin le 'Hallaj des Turcs' (1358/59 - 1416). Istanbul: 1995.

Brockelmann, . In GAL. , [n.d.], II, 290-1, 402, S, II, 315-II, 290-1, 402, S, II, 315.

Dindar, Bilal. "Bedreddin Simavi." TDVİA. 5 1992: 331-334.

Ismail, Halil b.. "Simavna Kadısıoğlu Şeyh Bedreddin." In Menakib. Gölpınarlı, A., ed. Istanbul: 1966;reprint.

Kastritsis, Dimitris. "The Revolt of Şeyh Bedreddin in the Context of the Ottoman Civil War of 1402–13." In Halcyon Days in Crete VII. Political Initiatives “From the Bottom Up” in the Ottoman Empire. Anastasopoulos, Antonis, ed. University of Crete Press, 2012, 233-250.

Kozan, Ali. "Şeyh Bedreddin ve Düşünce Tarihimizdeki Yeri." unpublished doctoral thesis, Kayseri: Erciyes University, 2007.

Taşköprülü-zade, . "al-Shaqā’iq al-Nu‘māniyya fi ‘Ulamā’ al-Dawla al-‘Uthmāniyya." Furat, Ahmed Subhi, ed. Istanbul: 1985, 49-52.

Yüksel, Mufid. Simavna Kadısıoğlu Şeyh Bedreddin. Istanbul: 2002.

Physical Description

History

Date of copy

20th. century